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Totley Tunnel is a 6,230
yard (5.7 Kilometre)
tunnel on the former
Midland Railway Manchester-Sheffield line between
Totley on the outskirts of
Sheffield and
Grindleford in Derbyshire, England. It was completed in
1893 and is the longest main line railway tunnel within England that runs under land for its entire length.
Work began in
1888 with the construction of three brick-built surveying towers along the proposed line of tunnel, followed by a number of vertical shafts to the level of the rails. The
Duke of Rutland had decreed that no more than one ventilation shaft should be sunk through his moors (and that work should cease from August to October, during the grouse shooting season). Initially four permanent and three temporary shafts were sunk near to the Totley end. The latter were cut through shale, and water was encountered in the first eight feet. The permanent ones took longer, encountering beds of ganister, coal, and rock. As the initial 10
Foot (unit of length) by 9 feet (3.0 m by 2.7 m) headings were driven outwards from the base of each shaft, water flow increased to some 2,250,000
gallons per day (7,100 litre/min). At the Padley (Grindleford) end, the situation was little better, work stopping for several weeks until a drain was laid. Then at about 2,000 yards (1,829 m) a spring was encountered which flooded the workings at 5,000 gallons an hour (380 L/min). A raft had to be used to inspect the workings. Shortly after this the shale became drier and work proceeded toward Totley, the headings finally meeting in
1892.
The tunnel was the proving ground of a number of boring machines for the shot holes, using gelignite to blast the rock. No limit was set on the amount, and in all some 163
tons were used. The atmosphere in the workings was hot, as well as humid, with compressed air used for ventilation, though, for a time at the Padley end, a turbine was installed in the Burbage Brook to drive a fan.
Because of the damp conditions, there were outbreaks of
typhoid, in addition to
diphtheria,
smallpox and scarlet fever, not helped by the fact that accommodation was scarce, and the workers were living often twenty to thirty in a house. Working twenty four hour shifts, as soon as one man got out of his bed,, another would take his place, with little in the way of washing or sanitary facilities.
Because of its length, in addition to the Midland's normal
Railway signalling, signal wires were installed which, when cut, caused alarms to ring in the signal boxes at each end. Although shorter, they were also used in
Cowburn Tunnel and Clay Cross Tunnels.
References
- Edwards, B., (1985) Totley and the Tunnel, Sheffield, Shape Design Shop
- Plans Relating to Dore & Chinley Railway: Section of strata in heading of Dore and Totley Tunnel, Derbyshire Record Office, File ref. D4107/5/1
See also
- West Portal:
- East Portal:
External links
Totley Tunnel is a 6,230 yard (5.7 Kilometre) tunnel on the former
Midland Railway Manchester-Sheffield line between Totley on the outskirts of Sheffield and Grindleford in Derbyshire,
England. It was completed in
1893 and is the longest main line
railway tunnel within England that runs under land for its entire length.
Work began in
1888 with the construction of three brick-built surveying towers along the proposed line of tunnel, followed by a number of vertical shafts to the level of the rails. The
Duke of Rutland had decreed that no more than one ventilation shaft should be sunk through his moors (and that work should cease from August to October, during the grouse shooting season). Initially four permanent and three temporary shafts were sunk near to the Totley end. The latter were cut through shale, and water was encountered in the first eight feet. The permanent ones took longer, encountering beds of
ganister,
coal, and rock. As the initial 10
Foot (unit of length) by 9 feet (3.0 m by 2.7 m) headings were driven outwards from the base of each shaft, water flow increased to some 2,250,000
gallons per day (7,100
litre/min). At the Padley (Grindleford) end, the situation was little better, work stopping for several weeks until a drain was laid. Then at about 2,000 yards (1,829 m) a spring was encountered which flooded the workings at 5,000 gallons an hour (380 L/min). A raft had to be used to inspect the workings. Shortly after this the shale became drier and work proceeded toward Totley, the headings finally meeting in 1892.
The tunnel was the proving ground of a number of boring machines for the shot holes, using gelignite to blast the rock. No limit was set on the amount, and in all some 163
tons were used. The atmosphere in the workings was hot, as well as humid, with compressed air used for ventilation, though, for a time at the Padley end, a turbine was installed in the Burbage Brook to drive a fan.
Because of the damp conditions, there were outbreaks of typhoid, in addition to
diphtheria,
smallpox and scarlet fever, not helped by the fact that accommodation was scarce, and the workers were living often twenty to thirty in a house. Working twenty four hour shifts, as soon as one man got out of his bed,, another would take his place, with little in the way of washing or sanitary facilities.
Because of its length, in addition to the Midland's normal Railway signalling, signal wires were installed which, when cut, caused alarms to ring in the signal boxes at each end. Although shorter, they were also used in
Cowburn Tunnel and Clay Cross Tunnels.
References
- Edwards, B., (1985) Totley and the Tunnel, Sheffield, Shape Design Shop
- Plans Relating to Dore & Chinley Railway: Section of strata in heading of Dore and Totley Tunnel, Derbyshire Record Office, File ref. D4107/5/1
See also
- West Portal:
- East Portal:
External links
